vortex tube

VERTEX TUBE

     vertex tube is a mechanical device operating as a refrigeration machine without any moving part . Vertex tube separates a flow of compressed air into two stream separately, one a current of air hotter then the the inlet temperature and one cooler, such a separation of the flow into region of low and high total temperature is referred to as temperature (energy) separation effect.
     the vertex tube was first discovered by G.J. Ranque in 1933 and in 1947 Hilsch made some important and improve the efficiency of vortex tube. Hence it is called as Ranque-Hilsch tube.

     It mainly consist of :

1. Nozzle.
2. Orifice / Diaphragm.
3. valve.
4. Swirl chamber (entrance block). 
5. Cold air side.
6. Hot air side as, shown in fig.

WORKING PRINCIPLE  :

     The compressed air is supplied to the vortex tube and passes through nozzle that is tangent to an internal counterbore. This nozzle sets the air in vortex motion . This spinning stream  of  air turns 90 digari and passes down to centripetal acceleration and reaches the valve. A vale at one end of the tube tube restricts this flow. The pressure of the air near the vale in higher than the inlet pressure of air, the reversed axial flow through the core forming second vortex starts feom high pressure region to low pressure region, The inner (second) vortex loose heat to outer vortex and exhausted through the other end as cold air.

     While one air stream moves up the tube and other down it, both rotates in the same direction at the same angular velocity. That is a particle in the inner stream completes one rotation in the same. amount of time as a particle in the outer strem. However because of the principle of conservation of angular momentum the ro

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